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i. Applied science Economics C o n t e chiliad p o r a r y ParkFMff.qxd 6/2/06 2:01 PM Page i

2. ParkFMff.qxd 6/2/06 2:01 PM Page ii 3. Technology Economic science F o u r t h Eastward d i t i o northward C o n t east m p o r a r y Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Chan S. Park Section of Industrial and Systems Engineering science Auburn Academy ParkFMff.qxd 6/2/06 ii:01 PM Folio iii iv. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Information on File Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton Senior Editor: Holly Stark Editorial Assistant: Nicole Kunzmann Executive Managing Editor: Vince OBrien Managing Editor: David A. George Production Editor: Scott Disanno Director of Creative Services: Paul Belfanti Artistic Director: Juan Lpez Fine art Director: Heather Scott Interior and Encompass Designer: Tamara Newnam Fine art Editor: Xiaohong Zhu Manufacturing Manager: Alexis Heydt-Long Manufacturing Heir-apparent: Lisa McDowell Marketing Manager: Tim Galligan 2007 by Pearson Instruction, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any class or by whatsoever means without permission in writing from the publisher. The author and publisher of this book accept used their best efforts in preparing this volume. These efforts include the development, enquiry, and testing of the theories and programs to decide their effectiveness. The author and publisher brand no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this volume. The writer and publisher shall not exist liable in any issue for incidental or consequential damages in connec- tion with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or apply of these programs. Printed in the United States of America ten ix 8 vii 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-13-187628-vii Pearson Education Ltd., London Pearson Educational activity Australia Pte. Ltd., Sydney Pearson Teaching Singapore, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education Due north Asia Ltd., Hong Kong Pearson Instruction Canada, Inc., Toronto Pearson Educacin de Mexico, South.A. de C.Five. Pearson EducationJapan, Tokyo Pearson Education Malaysia, Ptd. Ltd. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey ParkFMff.qxd vi/two/06 2:01 PM Folio four 5. To my wife, Kim (Inkyung); and my children, Michael and Edward ParkFMff.qxd 6/2/06 two:01 PM Page five 6. ParkFMff.qxd vi/2/06 2:01 PM Page half-dozen 7. vii CONTENTS Preface xix PPARARTT 1 BBASICS OF FINANCIAL DECISIONSASICS OF FINANCIAL DECISIONS 1 Chapter 1 Engineering Economic Decisions 2 i.1 Office of Engineers in Concern four 1.ane.one Types of Business System 5 one.ane.2 Engineering Economic Decisions 6 ane.1.iii Personal Economic Decisions 6 i.2 What Makes the Technology Economical Decision Difficult? vii 1.iii Economic Decisions versus Design Decisions 8 1.4 Big-Calibration Engineering Projects 9 ane.4.one How a Typical Projection Idea Evolves 9 1.four.2 Impact of Engineering Projects on Financial Statements 12 1.four.three A Look Back in 2005: Did Toyota Brand the Right Decision? thirteen 1.five Common Types of Strategic Engineering Economic Decisions 13 1.half-dozen Fundamental Principles of Engineering Economics 15 Summary 17 Affiliate ii Understanding Financial Statements 18 2.1 Bookkeeping: The Basis of Decision Making 21 2.two Financial Status for Businesses 22 2.2.1 The Balance Canvas 24 2.2.2 The Income Statement 27 2.ii.3 The Cash Flow Statement 30 two.iii Using Ratios to Make Business Decisions 33 2.iii.1 Debt Management Analysis 34 2.three.two Liquidity Analysis 37 2.3.3 Asset Management Analysis 38 2.3.4 Profitability Assay 39 two.iii.five Marketplace Value Assay 41 2.iii.6 Limitations of Financial Ratios in Business Decisions 42 Summary 43 Problems 44 Brusque Case Studies fifty ParkFMff.qxd 6/2/06 2:01 PM Folio vii eight. Chapter 3 Interest Charge per unit and Economical Equivalence 52 3.1 Interest: The Cost of Money 54 three.1.1 The Time Value of Money 55 3.1.2 Elements of Transactions Involving Interest 56 3.1.three Methods of Calculating Interest 59 3.1.4 Simple Interest versus Compound Interest 62 3.2 Economic Equivalence 63 3.2.1 Definition and Unproblematic Calculations 63 3.2.2 Equivalence Calculations: General Principles 66 iii.ii.three Looking Alee 71 three.3 Development of Involvement Formulas 71 3.three.1 The Five Types of Cash Flows 72 3.three.two Single-Cash-Flow Formulas 73 3.3.3 Uneven Payment Series 80 3.3.4 Equal Payment Serial 84 3.iii.5 Linear Gradient Serial 96 3.three.vi Geometric Gradient Series 102 3.4 Unconventional Equivalence Calculations 107 3.4.1 Composite Cash Flows 107 three.four.2 Determining an Involvement Rate to Plant Economic Equivalence 114 Summary 119 Bug 119 Short Case Studies 129 Affiliate 4 Understanding Money and Its Direction 134 4.ane Nominal and Effective Interest Rates 136 4.i.1 Nominal Involvement Rates 136 four.1.2 Effective Annual Interest Rates 137 iv.one.3 Effective Involvement Rates per Payment Period 140 four.ane.4 Continuous Compounding 141 4.ii Equivalence Calculations with Effective Interest Rates 143 4.2.1 When Payment Period Is Equal to Compounding Menstruation 144 4.2.ii Compounding Occurs at a Different Charge per unit than that at Which Payments Are Made 145 iv.3 Equivalence Calculations with Continuous Payments 152 four.three.ane Unmarried-Payment Transactions 152 4.3.ii Continuous-Funds Flow 152 viii CONTENTS ParkFMff.qxd six/ii/06 ii:01 PM Folio 8 ix. Contents 9 4.4 Changing Interest Rates 156 4.four.i Single Sums of Money 156 four.4.2 Series of Greenbacks Flows 158 4.5 Debt Management 159 4.v.1 Commercial Loans 159 4.5.2 Loan versus Charter Financing 167 4.5.3 Dwelling house Mortgage 171 four.6 Investing in Financial Avails 175 4.half dozen.1 Investment Basics 175 4.6.two How to Determine Your Expected Return 176 4.6.3 Investing in Bonds 179 Summary 187 Problems 188 Short Instance Studies 199 PPARARTT 2 EVEVALUALUAATION OF BUSINESSTION OF BUSINESS AND ENGINEERINGAND Engineering science ASSETSASSETS 203 Chapter five Present-Worth Analysis 204 5.one Describing Project Cash Flows 207 v.i.1 Loan versus Project Cash Flows 207 5.ane.2 Independent versus Mutually Sectional Investment Projects 209 v.2 Initial Project Screening Method 210 five.ii.one Payback Period: The Time Information technology Takes to Pay Back 210 v.two.2 Benefits and Flaws of Payback Screening 213 5.2.3 Discounted Payback Period 214 5.ii.4 Where Do We Get from Here? 215 5.3 Discounted Cash Catamenia Assay 215 5.three.one Net-Nowadays-Worth Criterion 216 5.3.ii Meaning of Net Present Worth 220 5.three.iii Footing for Selecting the MARR 222 5.4 Variations of Nowadays-Worth Analysis 223 5.4.one Future-Worth Analysis 223 five.4.ii Capitalized Equivalent Method 227 5.5 Comparing Mutually Exclusive Alternatives 232 5.5.1 Significant of Mutually Exclusive and Exercise Nix 232 five.5.ii Analysis Period 235 ParkFMff.qxd 6/ii/06 2:01 PM Folio ix x. v.v.3 Analysis Flow Equals Project Lives 236 5.5.four Analysis Period Differs from Project Lives 238 5.5.five Assay Menses Is Not Specified 246 Summary 249 Problems 249 Brusque Instance Studies 265 Chapter 6 Almanac Equivalent-Worth Analysis 268 six.one Annual Equivalent-Worth Criterion 270 6.1.1 Cardinal Determination Rule 270 6.i.2 Almanac-Worth Calculation with Repeating Cash Flow Cycles 273 6.i.3 Comparison Mutually Exclusive Alternatives 275 six.2 Capital Costs versus Operating Costs 277 6.3 Applying Annual-Worth Analysis 280 6.iii.1 Benefits of AE Assay 281 6.3.2 Unit Turn a profit or Cost Calculation 281 6.iii.3 Make-or-Purchase Determination 283 6.3.4 Pricing the Use of an Nugget 286 six.4 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 287 vi.five Design Economics 294 Summary 303 Bug 304 Brusk Case Studies 318 Chapter vii Rate-of-Return Analysis 322 vii.i Charge per unit of Return 324 vii.1.1 Return on Investment 324 7.one.2 Return on Invested Capital 326 7.ii Methods for Finding the Rate of Return 327 7.2.one Simple versus Nonsimple Investments 327 7.two.2 Predicting Multiple i*s 329 7.2.three Computational Methods 331 7.3 Internal-Rate-of-Render Criterion 338 vii.3.1 Relationship to PW Assay 338 vii.3.2 Net-Investment Examination: Pure versus Mixed Investments 339 seven.3.3 Conclusion Rule for Pure Investments 341 7.3.4 Decision Rule for Mixed Investments 344 x CONTENTS ParkFMff.qxd six/2/06 2:01 PM Folio ten 11. 7.four Mutually Sectional Alternatives 352 seven.iv.i Flaws in Project Ranking by IRR 352 7.4.two Incremental Investment Assay 353 7.four.3 Handling Unequal Service Lives 360 Summary 363 Problems 364 Short Case Studies 381 PPARARTT iii ANALANALYYSIS OF PRSIS OF PROJECT COJECT Cash FLOASH FLOWSWS 385 Chapter 8 Cost Concepts Relevant to Decision Making 386 8.1 General Toll Terms 388 8.1.i Manufacturing Costs 388 8.ane.2 Nonmanufacturing Costs 390 8.2 Classifying Costs for Financial Statements 390 8.2.1 Menses Costs 391 eight.ii.2 Product Costs 391 eight.3 Cost Nomenclature for Predicting Cost Behavior 394 8.iii.one Book Alphabetize 394 8.three.ii Toll Behaviors 395 8.4 Future Costs for Business Decisions 400 8.iv.1 Differential Price and Revenue 400 8.4.2 Opportunity Toll 404 8.4.three Sunk Costs 406 8.4.4 Marginal Cost 406 8.5 Estimating Profit from Production 411 viii.5.1 Adding of Operating Income 412 8.5.2 Sales Budget for a Manufacturing Business 412 8.5.3 Preparing the Production Budget 413 8.5.4 Preparing the Cost-of-Appurtenances-Sold Budget 415 8.5.v Preparing the Nonmanufacturing Cost Upkeep 416 8.5.vi Putting Information technology All Together: The Approaching Income Argument 418 8.5.7 Looking Ahead 419 Summary 420 Problems 421 Curt Case Report 427 Contents eleven ParkFMff.qxd six/two/06 2:01 PM Page xi 12. Affiliate ix Depreciation and Corporate Taxes 428 nine.one Asset Depreciation 431 ix.one.1 Economic Depreciation 432 nine.1.2 Accounting Depreciation 432 9.2 Factors Inherent in Asset Depreciation 433 nine.2.1 Depreciable Property 433 9.2.2 Cost Ground 434 9.2.3 Useful Life and Salvage Value 435 9.2.4 Depreciation Methods: Book and Taxation Depreciation 436 9.3 Book Depreciation Methods 437 9.3.1 Directly-Line Method 437 ix.3.2 Accelerated Methods 439 ix.3.3 Units-of-Production Method 445 9.4 Tax Depreciation Methods 446 ix.4.1 MACRS Depreciation 446 9.four.2 MACRS Depreciation Rules 447 9.5 Depletion 453 9.5.1 Cost Depletion 453 9.five.2 Percentage Depletion 454 9.half-dozen Repairs or Improvements Fabricated to Depreciable Assets 456 nine.6.1 Revision of Book Depreciation 456 9.6.ii Revision of Taxation Depreciation 457 9.7 Corporate Taxes 459 9.7.1 I

Contemporary Engineering Economics, iv th edition, © 2007 Unconventional Equivalence Calculations Lecture No. 9 Chapter iii Contemporary Engineering Economic science

Gimmicky Engineering Economic science, four th edition, © 2007 Nominal and Effective Interest Rates Lecture No. 10 Chapter 4 Contemporary Engineering Economic science

Lecture No.fifteen Chapter 5 Contemporary Engineering Economics Copyright © 2010 Contemporary Applied science Economics, five th edition, © 2010

Lecture No. 38 Chapter 12 Contemporary Engineering Economics Copyright © 2010 Contemporary Engineering Economics, 5th edition, © 2010

Contemporary Engineering Economics, iv th edition, © 2007 Replacement Decisions Lecture No. 58 Chapter 14 Contemporary Engineering science Economic science Copyright ©

Lecture No. 46 Chapter fourteen Contemporary Engineering Economics Copyright © 2010 Contemporary Technology Economics, fifth edition, © 2010

Contemporary Technology Economics, 4 th edition, © 2007 When Projects Require Working-Majuscule Investments Lecture No. 40 Affiliate x Contemporary Engineering

Lecture No.xiii Chapter 4 Gimmicky Engineering Economic science Copyright © 2010 Contemporary Engineering Economics, 5th edition, © 2010

Gimmicky Technology Economics, iv thursday edition, © 2007 Process of Developing Projection Cash Flows Lecture No.38 Chapter x Contemporary Engineering Economic science

Lecture No.eleven Chapter four Contemporary Engineering Economics Copyright © 2010 Contemporary Applied science Economic science, 5th edition, © 2010

Lecture No.33 Chapter 10 Contemporary Engineering Economics Copyright © 2010 Contemporary Engineering Economic science, 5th edition, © 2010

Lecture No. 30 Chapter ix Contemporary Engineering Economic science Copyright © 2010 Gimmicky Technology Economics, 5 th edition, © 2010

Gimmicky Applied science Economics, 4 th edition, © 2007 Internal Rate of Return Criterion Lecture No. 27 Affiliate vii Contemporary Engineering Economics

Contemporary Engineering Economics, four thursday edition, © 2007 Methods of Describing Project Risk Lecture No. 46 Affiliate 12 Contemporary Engineering science Economics

Gimmicky Engineering Economic science, four th edition, © 20071 Engineering science Economic Decisions Lecture No.1 Affiliate one Gimmicky Engineering Economics Copyright

Contemporary Engineering Economics, 4 th edition, © 2007 Variations of Present Worth Analysis Lecture No.17 Chapter v Contemporary Technology Economic science

Contemporary Engineering Economics, 4 th edition, © 2007 Cost-Volume-Profit Assay Lecture No. thirty Chapter 8 Gimmicky Engineering Economics Copyright

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